A Study on the Book of Philippians.

Bible translation used: [Berean Literal Bible: https://literalbible.com/ & NKJV]

Philippians 1: Christ Proclaimed.

Paul and Timothy, servants of Christ Jesus. To all the saints in Christ Jesus being in Philippi, with the overseers and deacons: Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. [vs. 1- 2]

Paul and Sails and Timothy went first to Macedonia to preach after receiving a revelation in a dream where, a man stood before Paul asking him, “Come over to Macedonia and help us.” Acts 16:9 At the time Paul separating for Barnabas was traveling with Silas delivering the decision of the council of the elders of the church in Jerusalem. And coming to [Derbe and Lystra] was introduced to Timothy, whom he circumcised and took with him to preach the gospel. So they travelled to Philippi which was a renowned city in Macedonia.    

There stay in the city of Philippi did not last long. There are three major events recorded in the book of Acts. First, after they were in the city several days they met a business woman named Lydia, who believed and she and her household were baptised. And she had them to stay with her. The second event, they cast out a demon spirit form a young slave girl, which resulted Paul and Silas being beaten and jailed. The third event, God shaking the prison and breaking loose the bonds of the prisoners, and the jail keeper seeing and believed, and him and his household were baptised. Finally by morning light the city officials had them escorted out of the city [Paul and Silas], after they visited the brethren in Lydia’s house [the first church] in Philippi. 

The letter was written while Paul was under guard in the Palace of Caesar, while he is waiting to come before the courts.

I thank my God upon every remembrance of you, always making the supplication with joy in my every supplication for all of you, for your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, being persuaded of this very thing, that the One begun a good work in you will complete it until the day of Christ Jesus. [vs. 3-6]

Paul’s and his companions stay in Philippi were very short  lived, however Paul commends them for partnering with him to spread the gospel, even as he was being escorted out of the city to go to Thessalonica. From the moment they have believed, which Paul recalls, to now while even he being in prison. 

[He who begun this good work in you.] God who opened their heart to believe, “The Lord opened her heart to heed the things spoken by Paul.” Acts 16: 14 Given her the desire to be host to the first church in the region, and also having the desire to partner with Paul to the spread of the gospel, beyond their area. In contrast, Paul to the Corinthians writes, whom he had hopped, through their assistance, his sphere of influence to spread the gospel might increase. [2 Corinthians 10:14-15] God who worked all these things in them, will also bring them safely into the day of Christ. Paul looking at the fruit, worked through them by the grace of God, [sharing the burden of gospel, through their giving] their persistence which have not abated throughout his ministry.

[Note]: good work, he is speaking in terms of their partnership for the gospel.

Accordingly, it is right for me to feel this about all of you, since I have you in the heart. Both in my chains and in the defence and confirmation of the gospel, you all are fellow partakers of grace with me. For God is my witness how I long after you all in the affection of Christ Jesus. [vs. 7-8]

[Feel what about them?]: Joy when making supplication for their partnership in the gospel. [and continues to justify this statement to them.] So when he says, he has them in heart, both in chains [which he suffers on the account of the gospel] and when he ministers in the defence of the gospel. They are with him in spirit. They are taking part in the grace of God given him in this ministry. The work of God given him, was made possible by their participation in sharing this burden with him, through their giving. 

[In Chains and In Defence of gospel]: he attributes [the grace that is brought to him] in both factors to them, Jesus says if one is persecuted for the sake of His name great is their reward in heaven. Hebrews says, remember those who are mistreated, since you yourselves are in the body. 

The work of God could not be done unless, one is sent. Jesus Himself in His earthly ministry had people who supplied to Him. A christian can take part in a ministry of God, in providing support through prayer and giving. Through which the body is built up. [Ephesians 4:16] and they become partakers of the grace that is given to that ministry. It is the same Lord who works in them to fulfil His purpose. “for the One having worked in Peter for apostleship of the circumcision, did also in me toward the Gentiles— ” Galatians 2:8 [the point becomes then recognising the one who is working in them.]

[The question, why say the affection of Jesus Christ?]: if we contrast this to affections that is according to the flesh. The point is then his joy towards them on the account of their giving is not according to the flesh but because of the work of Christ that is made possible. Later Paul would tell them, I can abound and I am able to be brought low, the comfort of his flesh is not the dictating factor, but he seeks the benefit that is due to them, through taking part in his labour.[Paul here is not perhaps speaking of the law of sowing and reaping, but taking part in a reward due through that ministry.]   

[Scriptural references]: Jesus also thought how one can they take part in a reward accordingly.  “The One receiving you receives Me, and the one receiving Me receives the One having sent Me. The one receiving a prophet in the name of a prophet will receive the reward of a prophet, and the one receiving a righteous man in the name of a righteous man will receive the reward of a righteous man.” Matthew 10: 40-41 

And this I pray, that you love may abound yet more and more in knowledge and all discernment, for you to approve the things being excellent, so that you may be pure and blameless unto the day of Christ, being with the fruit of righteousness that is through Jesus Christ, to the glory and praise of God. [vs. 9-11]

The components of Paul’s prayer consists of these three main concept which are also found in other prayers and his teachings; [knowledge and understanding of God’s will], [to act in a manner consistent with His will: be without fault], and [to produce good works which are works of righteousness.] These are the basic summary of God’s will for us, what God Himself has purposed for each of us to walk in, salvation is the beginning. “For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.” Ephesians 2:10 we were [created] in Christ for…

Here Paul says, being filled with knowledge, that is of God’s will, and having understanding of it, not simply having knowledge but having an understanding of His purpose. [e.g. it was not enough to know the law, if you did not know the purpose of the law was love.] To Romans and Corinthians Paul has written, how their liberty in Christ could be a cause of stumbling for one who is weak. Then one who is strong in faith, who is not walking in love, has sinned against Christ, if he causes another to stumble. Therefore there is a level of dimension to walking in the Spirit, it is not a mere adherence to rules but it is working out, it is discerning, it is knowing the heart of the matter, so that we may walk in a manner that is pure and blameless before Him, producing good fruits, which are the outworking of righteousness.  

To the Romans, he writes, “Therefore I exhort you, brothers, through the compassions of God, [to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy to God, well-pleasing], which is your reasonable service. And do not be conformed to this age, but [be transformed by the renewing of the mind], for you to [prove what is the good and well-pleasing and perfect will of God.]” Romans 12:1-2 Paul exhorts the Corinthians twice, in regards to living right saying, “Do you not know that you yourselves are God’s temple, and the Spirit of God dwells in you?” [1 Corinthians 3:16, 6:15, 18-19] and exhorts them saying “Therefore glorify God in your body.“[vs. 20] Hebrews records, Jesus “who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God,” Hebrews 9:14 We also are required to offer of our bodies to God, for works of righteousness, kept free from the stains of the world. And he continues to exhort that our mind must be renewed from the the things of this age to God, which is through the knowledge of God’s will so we may [prove, discern] and act in accordance to His will. Then he goes on to speak of the service each provides to the building of the body, according to grace of God has given. 

And to the Colossians, “that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will, [in all wisdom and spiritual understanding], that you may walk worthy of the Lord, fully pleasing Him being fruitful in every good work.” Colossians 1:9-10 Here again Paul starts with, knowing God’s will, [this knowledge accompanied with wisdom and spiritual understanding.] We can look at [discernment, wisdom and understanding] with the same capacity to some extent. King Solomon asked God to give him, “an understanding heart, that I may discern between good and evil.” 1 Kings 3:9 so he may judge right. We are also expected to judge accordingly, Hebrews says, the word of righteousness is for the mature, “the ones by constant use having trained the senses for distinguishing both good and evil.” Hebrews 5:14 The purpose being, so that we may walk in a manner that is [worthy of the Lord]. Being fruitful in every good work, that is a life producing an outworking of righteousness.

General point of observation: Works of righteousness is a by-product of living right, living right is the by-product of salvation. Paul writes to Timothy and says, “Therefore if anyone shall have cleansed himself from these, he will be a vessel for honour, having been sanctified, useful to the Master, having been prepared for every good work. Now flee youthful lusts and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace, along with those calling on the Lord out of pure a heart.” 2 Timothy 1:21-22

[D.P] Makes a distinction between religion and salvation saying, “religion is what we do for God, and salvation is what God does for us.” And illustrates his point through this verse, “Pure and undefiled religion before the God and Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their tribulation; to keep oneself unstained from the world.” James 1 :27 That these two concept are to be the hallmark [evidence] of our salvation; the works of righteousness we produce and to live right and holy lives.

[Fruits of Righteousness in Christ] are an outward manifestation of good works. The key point is in Christ, there are many good works the world produces apart from Christ, which have no eternal value. Righteousness is a gift of God, through faith in Jesus Christ, which bears fruit onto good works. The foremost evidence of this is, in seeking to meet the needs of others. The nature of the flesh, produced in us desires that seeks to fulfil the lust of mind and body. And the nature of the Spirit, will produce in us desires which are according to God, therefore we can produce works of righteousness which are acceptable to God.

Seeking to give to the needs of the saints, is a good example of fruit of righteousness. It is proof of obedience to the faith, that is having a heart to consider things which we would otherwise never thought of. The world and the worldly, would not consider the need of the spiritual giving to be anything of worth, even regarding it with suspicion, to be some sort of sinister scheme. But when the Holy Spirit first came in Acts and the church was born, and it is recoded they grew and they gave. Paul speaking of the  Macedonians writes, “[they] imploring of us with much entreaty for the grace and the fellowship of the service among the saints.  And not only as we had hoped, but they gave themselves first to the Lord and then to us, by the will of God.” That is they gave themselves to God first and then to them, that is desiring to share in the burden of the saints. And Paul uses this example to encouraging the Corinthians to give abundantly, “But even as you abound in every way—in faith, and speech, and knowledge, and all earnestness, and in the love from us to you—that also you should abound in this grace.” that is the grace of giving.

• “For they were pleased, and they are debtors of them. For if the Gentiles have shared in their spiritual things, they ought also to minister to them in the material things. Therefore having finished this, and having sealed this fruit to them, I will set off through you into Spain.” Romans 15:27-28
• “For the ministry of this service is not only completely filling up the needs of the saints, but is also overflowing through many thanksgivings to God, through the proof of this service, glorifying God at your submission of confession to the gospel of Christ, and the generosity of the participation toward them and toward all.” 2 Corinthians 9:12-13
• “And also let our people learn to devote themselves to good works for necessary needs, so that they should not be unfruitful.” Titus 3:14
• “For God is not unjust to forget your work and the love that you have shown toward His name, having ministered to the saints, and still ministering.” Hebrews 6: 10

Now, I want you to know brothers, that the things concerning me really have turned out to the advancement of the gospel, so as for my chains in Christ to have become clearly known in all the palace guard and to all the rest; and most of the brothers, trusting in the Lord by my chains, to dare more abundantly to speak fearlessly the word. [vs. 12-14]

Paul makes an incredible statement that, he being wrongfully accused and bundled up in chains from Jerusalem, contending perils of danger on sea and land to face the highest court of the empire, has served to advance the cause of the gospel.

Paul has written to the Romans, saying how he had hopped to come to them many times but was not able to. But now Acts records, “Paul purposed in the Spirit to go to Jerusalem, having passed through Macedonia and Achaia, having said, “After my having been there, it behooves me to see Rome also.” Acts 19:21 We have to note, Paul had hoped  he may come to Rome in richness of the Spirit. “Now I know that coming to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing of Christ.” Romans 15:29 And his plan was that he may carry the gospel through Rome to Spain, “I will set off through you into Spain.” [vs.28] Nonetheless, he was aware of the danger that he might have to face in Jerusalem so he sought for them to pray for him. “Now I exhort you, brothers, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to strive together with me in the prayers for me to God, so that I may be delivered from those refusing to be persuaded in Judea,” Romans 15:30-31 And we can say he was confident of the outcome, because it was in his heart to see Rome by the Spirit. 

Yet as he is making his journey to Jerusalem, the Spirit warned, that chains and tribulation awaited him there. “And now behold, [bound in the Spirit I go to Jerusalem], not knowing what will happen to me in it, except that the Holy Spirit fully testifies to me in every city, saying that chains and tribulations await me.” Acts 20:22-23 Through the warnings, Paul was giving himself by the Spirit to the tribulation set before him, as willing sacrifice for the purpose of God. “I make my life neither dear nor any account to myself, so as to finish my course and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus: to testify fully the gospel of the grace of God.” [vs.24] A sacrifice is not a sacrifice to one who does not know the cost, Jesus says, “to count the cost,” and a sacrifice is not a sacrifice that is not offered to God by the Spirit. Jesus offered Himself to God by the Spirit, and He strove in deep anguish knowing what awaited Him at day break. Perhaps, the Spirit was giving Paul a chance in every city to say his farewell to those, he helped build. “And from Miletus, having sent to Ephesus, he called for the elders of the church.” Acts 20:17

Therefore, it was not lack of prayer on his part nor on the part of those that strove for him, but for the purpose of God being fulfilled. The advancement of the gospel at times may seem to us, it has to be neat and orderly, we clearly envisioning every step, as coming across the mountains bearing the good news. However here God uses every aspect of the life of His servant to proclaim His truth. His chains and tribulations was a means to bring the good news to Roman perfects and their courts, before kings and queens, even the inhabitants of a far away island he did not even know of “Malta,” and finally the courts of Caesar himself and to the soldiers that guard his very life. All of whom would have never had the opportunity to hear the gospel, has he not yielded to his fate. So looking back he says, “What has happened to me has served to advance the gospel of Christ.” only because Paul was a willing sacrifice, and he later writes, “I am being poured out as a drink offering, and the time of my departure is at hand.” 2 Timothy 4:6   

[Most of the brothers, trusting in the Lord by my chains]: How did, the chains he bore on the account of Christ became a source of encouragement to others and not a reason for fear? Paul in Ephesians writes, one of the armour of God was, “having shod the feet with the readiness of the gospel of peace;” Ephesians 6:15 that is in the face of opposition, when battling against the spiritual hosts of wickedness that seeks to silence, is an occasion to shout that much more louder. So here when the foremost proclaimer of the gospel of Christ to the Gentiles is put in chains to face the highest court of the Empire. And their movement is brought to the gaze of the whole world, and with it much trouble, they were not silenced but became bold and spoke the word fearlessly.

For some, even from envy and strife,are proclaim Christ, but some also from goodwill – the ones indeed out of love, knowing that I am appointed for the defence of the gospel; but the others are proclaiming Christ out of selfish ambition, not purely, supposing to add tribulation to my chains. [vs. 15-17]

Paul comes to Rome and is kept under guard in a rented accommodation for 2 years  and ministers to all. [We can speculate here], His case is coming close to be brought before Caesar, so he is transferred to be kept under palace guard but has not yet come before the court, “my chains in Christ to  have become clearly known in all the palace guard” [which gives the impression not because the court heard his case, but as if it was spoken of. Paul must have had a good relationship with the Roman soldier who guarded him, who watched him minister for 2 years. “Now when we came to Rome, Paul was allowed to stay by himself, with the soldier who was guarding him… And he stayed two whole years in his own rented house, and was welcoming all coming unto him, proclaiming the kingdom of God and teaching the things concerning the Lord Jesus Christ with all boldness, unhinderedly.” Acts 28: 16, 30-31

He also tells Timothy on the second letter “at my first defence no one stood with me.” So we can say, Timothy visited him when he was imprisoned under the palace guards [awaiting trial], when the Philippians letter is written. His ministry now has somewhat been knocked back, so he says here how others are trying to add to his anguish, because he does not have the same measure of freedom as he enjoyed in [ministering] as the pervious 2 years when in rented accommodation.

Paul had made enemies not only form the unbelievers but even among those who preface faith in Christ. We do not know who these are here, but Paul has struggled against those that sought to bring those he has set at liberty under bondage, so he writes, “They zealously seek you, not rightly. But they desire to isolate you from us, so that you might be zealous after them.” Galatians 4:17. He has sought to discredit those who are taking advantage of his flock, whom he has begotten in Corinth, by serving them without being a burden so that he may expose the fallacy of those who claimed to be like him. “But what I do, I will continue doing, so that I might cut off the opportunity of those desiring an opportunity that they might be found as also we in what they are boasting. For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.” 2 Corinthians 11:12-13 So now when he is imprisoned, his enemies have an occasion to rise and magnify their preaching as to cause him more anguish. 

What then? only that in every way, whether in pretext or truth, Christ is proclaimed. And in this I rejoice. Yes, and I will rejoice, for I know that through your prayer and the provision of the Spirit of Jesus Christ, this will turn out for me to deliverance, according to my earnest expectation and hope that  will be ashamed in nothing, but in all boldness also now as always, Christ will be magnified in my body, whether by life or by death. [vs. 18-20]

There something worth considering, it is easy to assume this gigantic of the christian faith knew it all but he did not, and had to operate in faith as much as anybody. He had parts revealed to him, he knew he was going to Rome after Jerusalem but had no idea the route he was going to take. He like all prayed earnestly that he might escape the tribulation he faced, and made plans in hope. However he made the best of every situation he landed in, he prayed for deliverance, but the chains were not going to be a hinderance to the ministry Christ has given him. May it be, when in chains among the angry mob in Jerusalem, he took that very opportunity to proclaim Christ to them, and in Hebrew that he might have their heart to hear [that by any means he may save some.]  Now in prison in Rome, he lists the servants of Caesar among those who call on the Lord. He ministered to all God and providence had put before him, his eyes firmly set on one goal, regardless of the situation that faced him. So he portrays here, how little these [pretenders] knew of him, what brings him joy is this one simple fact, “Jesus Christ is Proclaim.” They did it to torment him, but he found joy in it.

Jesus also showed this same concept, “John answered Him, “Teacher, we saw someone who does not follow us casting out demons in Your name, and we were forbidding him, because he was not following us.” And Jesus said, “Do not forbid him. For there is no one who will do a work of power in My name, and will be able readily to speak evil of Me. For whoever is not against us is for us.” Mark 9:38-40

[Whether by life or by death]: So Paul hoped to continue his ministry and even be delivered from the grip of Caesar. So he asks for their prayer that he might be delivered, but regardless of the outcome he says, in death or life Christ will be glorified in his body, that is the primary hope of his being.

For to me, to live is Christ and to die is gain. But if I am to live in the flesh, this is the fruit of labour for me. And what shall I choose? I do no know. But I am pressed between the two,having the desire to depart and to be with Christ, indeed very much better, but to remain in the flesh is more necessary for your sake. [vs. 21-24]

Paul acknowledges that to be with Christ is far better for him, it is an end to his trial and tribulation and be in the Glory of God, far exceeds anything else. So when considering this question [he first looks at it from his point of view] and weighs the benefits, my presence here produces fruit for me for eternity. It is the work we do in the flesh what counts, haven is a place we receive the wages of our labour. Next point he considers is, his trial and tribulation, the chain that is constantly hanging from his arms and legs, and he struggles which to chose. The key point is, it is the love of God that guides him, he makes his decision on one point, the need of the body of Christ,  “is more necessary for your sake.” Therefore he says, you still have need for me to be present.   

And having been persuaded of this, I know that I will remain and will continue with all of you for you progress and joy of the faith, so that through my coming to you again your boasting in me may abound to Christ Jesus. [vs. 25-26]

So Paul here makes  a faith statement, the need of the body of Christ determining the outcome he faced. The point is in his service to the Lord, he felt there is much he needed to do, therefore have need of to continue his ministry [“for your progress and joy in the faith.”] So he encourages them that they together may celebrate in answer of their prayer, giving glory to the Lord at their unification.

Only conduct yourselves worthily of the gospel of Christ, so that, whether having come and having seen you, or being absent, I might hear the things concerning toy, that you are standing firm in one spirit, striving together with one mind for the faith of the gospel, and not being frightened in anything by those opposing you, which is demonstration of destruction to them, but of salvation to you – and this from God. For it has been granted  to you concerning Christ, not only to believe in Him but also to suffer concerning Him, having the same conflict such as you saw in me and hear of in me. [vs, 27-30]

[Conduct worthy of the gospel]: There is a tendency to adjust our conduct according to the company we keep. So Paul points them to be unified in faith not only when he is present with them, but if any report is spoken of them, let it be that you are all of one mind in faith. Paul does not seem to be rebuking the Philippians of sin or legalism as he did for the Corinthians and Galatians, but when he says “worthy of the gospel,”  he seems to be speaking of it, as a reference to standing in unity of faith. Paul has spoken in the same manner to the Galatians, “Now it is good to be zealous in a right thing, at all times and not only in my being present with you.” Galatians 4:18

Paul is correcting against the division that seems to be present in their midst. He, later in this epistle [Chapter 4] will encourage them to unify the two women who seem to be in opposition with one another. The cause of the devision among the Philippians is not a matter of doctrine, but the inclination to seek  preeminence, the same condition that afflicted the disciples of the Lord. It worth to consider that Paul after exhorting them to stand unified in the faith, point them to the common threat they all faced. The reason is that is they have need of one another in striving for the faith in Christ, if they are going to be able to withstand it.  

[Opposition prove of salvation]: Though we would like to believe the world is essentially good and a place of hope, in truth it is not. Jesus said to His disciples, “I send you out as sheep among wolves.” The point is before any of us have come to the knowledge of our Lord and Saviour we were essentially wolves, we were in league with the one who rules over the world. Therefore conflict is an outcome that is to be guaranteed, the way of the world is against God, and God is against the ways of the world, these two realms can not co-exist in peace. Paul in Romans writes, “The mind of the flesh is hostility toward God; for it is not subject to the Law of God, for not even can it be. And those being in the flesh are not able to please God.” Romans 8:7-8

We all needed rescuing from this condition. Therefore, opposition from those who are determined to remain unmoved by the truth of the gospel of Christ is an inevitability and serves as proof of salvation, to the one who has come out of the world to belong to the kingdom of God.  The Lord prayed saying, “I have given them Your word, and the world hated them, because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.” John 17:14 So Paul encourages them not to fear those who oppose them, but let it be a conformation to you, that you belong to God.       

[Granted]: It is an amazing statement, Paul does no apologies for it nor look on it with dread but he says “it is granted you.” He presents it to be a privilege to take part in such suffering, he himself endured. And when we consider what Paul endured, “granted” may seem out of place. But James and Peter also say the same thing, James speaks of [trials and tribulations] as a means of perfecting our faith and says, “Esteem it all joy, my brothers, when you might fall into various trials, knowing that testing of your faith produces endurance. And let endurance have its perfect work, so that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.” James 1:2-4 And Peter also points out, what a privilege this is, “If you are insulted in the name of Christ, you are blessed, because the Spirit of glory and of God rests upon you.” 1 Peter 4:14

An opposition can come from any manner of source, Paul to the Thessalonians writes, “For you became imitators, brothers, of the churches of God in Judea being in Christ Jesus. For the same as them, you also suffered from the own countrymen as they also did from the Jews,” 1 Thessalonians 2:14 Here Paul points out how those in the world [Gentiles: not knowing God] oppose the gospel of Christ and compares it to the opposition the early church faced in Judea from the religious leaders. So here he tells them you also will be partakers of the same affliction that I have endured and am enduring in the present. That is the turmoil that is brewing in the Roman Empire, Christians were to bare the brunt of.

• “And having called in the apostles, having beaten them, they commanded them not to speak in the name of Jesus, and they released them. Therefore indeed they departed from the presence of the Council, rejoicing that they had been counted worthy to suffer dishonour for the Name.” Acts 5:40-41

[Point of Note]: It is questionable whether there was any direct involvement of Rome in the Christians persecution at that time, when Paul was brought before Caesar. Though there were many tumults and persecution in every region where the gospel was preached, it has not yet become a state sponsored affair. Since none of those who bound him, examined him, and escorted him throughout his journey to Rome, knew of or showed any prejudiced towards the Christian faith. This also might be the very reason Paul had high hope he might escape the court of Caesar. Paul said to the Jewish elders in Rome, “Men, brothers, having done nothing against the people or the customs of our fathers, I was delivered from Jerusalem a prisoner into the hands of the Romans, who having examined me, were wanting to let me go, on account of not one cause of death existing in me.” Acts 28:17-18 However Paul was to be one of the first, to catch the gaze and of the ravenous persecution that was to be unleashed throughout the Empire.

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Philippians 2: The Mind of Christ. 

[Therefore] if there is any encouragement in Christ, if any comfort of love, if any fellowship of the Spirit, if any affections and compassions, fulfill my joy so that you may be of the same mind, having the same love, united in soul, minding the same thing, nothing according to self-interest or according to vain conceit, but in humility be esteeming on another surpassing themselves, each considering not the things of themselves, but each also the things of others. [vs. 1-4]

[Therefore]: Since this is your calling to bare the same affliction [for the gospel] as he does. Paul seeks to root-out competition from among them, the division that arises through self interest for prominence. He has already given them the example of those who magnify their ministry for vain purposes, and his attitude to such effort. He is saying [it should not be so, among you] and seeks unity from them in spirit and the purpose of the gospel.

So Paul pleads with them through a rhetorical statement; there is encouragement in Christ, who is not comforted in love, what fellowship is there if not united in one Spirit, so he says if this things be so [fulfil my joy].

[You may be of the same mind]: taking it from his pervious statement, the context maybe that he is exhorting them to to stand firm in one spirit, which is of the faith.

[Having the same love, united in soul]: might be better conveyed, if taken as one statement. The book of 1st Samuel express the concept, “the soul of Jonathan  was knit to the soul of David, and Jonathan loved him as his own soul.” 1 Samuel 18:1 Paul teaches the same theme in Galatians, “You shall love your neighbour as yourself.” and he says, “But if you bite and devour one another, take heed, lest you might be consumed by one another.” Galatians 5:14-15 which is the basic foundation of the faith, so he is saying to them to love one another as you love your own soul.

[Minding the same thing]: that is the service rendered, which is striving for the gospel. He has already shown, it is possible to strive for the same purpose, yet [lack the former aspects] of which Paul’s gospel opponents were guilty of, “some, even from envy and strife, are proclaiming Christ.” 

So he shows, that the service in the gospel is not the pursuit of selfish ambition, but the purpose of the gospel itself is to take precedence. That is getting ourselves out of the way, and not engaging in any task for the purpose of self-interest or “vain conceit” seeking to esteem ourselves or for prominence. But in humility, which is esteeming others better, and being considerate of others.

• “Walk worthily of the calling to which you were called, with all humility and gentleness; with patience bearing with one another in love; being diligent to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace;” Ephesians 4:1-3

Let this mind be in you which was in Christ Jesus: who, existed in the form of God, did not consider to be equal with God something to be grasped, but emptied Himself, having taken the form of servant, having been made in the likeness of men. And having been found in appearance as a man He humbled Himself, having become obedient unto death, even death of the cross. [vs. 5-11]

And he gives Christ to be our example to express his point. So he says let the same disposition be in you. That is though Christ existed in the form of God, He did not strive equality with God as something to be [grasped] at. That is though He Himself is Divine He did not see it to be grounds to assert His [interest] but He humbled Himself, laying aside His divinity to be found as a man, and became obedient, giving all of Himself for the purpose of God, which meant He having to suffer greatly to fulfil the purpose of salvation for mankind.

The point then becomes we also ought to giving no regard for ourselves, our interests, our rights; but setting our sight on the advancement of the gospel, we ought to esteem others better. Not to clamour for the position of authority, but in humility serving one another. The Lord said, “whoever wishes to become great among you, he will be your servant; and whoever wishes to be first among you, he will be your slave — even as the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.” Matthew 20:26-28. Authority is not a position that seeks the obedience of others but a position that has got more to offer. That is service rendered rather than ease or prestige, the more one has to offer, to give, to serve for the benefit of others the more authority that one is given. 

Therefore God so highly exalted Him, and granted to Him the name above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in the havens and on earth and under earth, and every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father. [vs. 12-13]

[Therefore]: because Jesus took the path of of humility and utter obedience, God has highly exalted Him. A question to ask is, was not Jesus God, how and [why] did He need exalting?

When God made Adam and Eve,  He gave them dominion over all the earth, entrusting them with the works of His hands. But when they fell, they gave the domain of the earth to devil and he became the god of this world, and he ruled and reigned through sin and death, the world became his kingdom of darkness.  

Therefore, Jesus came to restore all things, Hebrews writes, “But we see Jesus, who was made a little lower than the angels, because of the suffering of death, having been crowned with glory and with honour, so that by the grace of God He might taste death for everyone.” Hebrews 2:9 That is Jesus who left His domain in haven, to take a form of man and being made lower than the angles, lived in obedience to God even to die a death on the cross. “Therefore, since the children have partaken of blood and of flesh, He also likewise took part in the same things, so that through His death He might destroy the one holding the power of death, that is, the devil, and might set free those who all their time to live were subject to slavery through fear of death.” Hebrews 2:14-15

When Jesus was raised from the dead, He had won the keys of death and hades, that is Jesus descended to the depth of hell that God may exalt Him to His right hand, having conquered all. The purpose being the kingdom of God may encompass all both in heaven and on earth, “for the administration of the fullness of the times, to bring together all things in Christ—the things in the heavens and the things upon the earth—” Ephesians 1:10 That is bringing all things [rule, power and authority] under the subjection to the Son of God, that every tongue may confess and every knee bowed. 

• “which He worked in Christ, having raised Him out from the dead, and having set Him at His right hand in the heavenly realms, above every principality and authority and power and dominion, and every name being named, not only in this age, but also in the one coming. And He put all things under His feet and gave Him to be head over all things to the church” Ephesians 1:20-22

Therefore, Jesus prayed, “I glorified You on the earth, having completed the work that You have given Me that I should do. And now glorify Me, You Father, with Yourself, with the glory that I had with You before the world existed.” John 17:4-5 That Jesus did not seek His own glory, but humbled Himself.

Therefore my beloved, just as always you have obeyed, not only as in my presences, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling. For God is the One working in you both to will and to work according to His good pleasure. [vs. 14-16]

[Therefore]: Having Jesus as our example of humility and obedience, you also be obedient not as a show but as an aspect of sincerity. The same concept he speaks of those who serve, “Slaves, obey the earthly masters in all things, not with eye-services as men-pleasers, but in sincerity of heart, fearing the Lord.” Colossians 3:22

[Work out your own salvation]: In saying this, does it mean our salvation depend on the work God intend to work through us? [No], what is necessary for salvation is faith in finished work of Jesus Christ, “For by grace you are saved through faith, and this not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not as a result of works, so that no one may boast.” Ephesians 2:8-9 Therefore, Paul is not speaking of “as working for our salvation,” as to add to, but to work out [discover] the purpose for which we are saved. We are part of the body of Christ, and the Lord’s body does not have an ineffective member, but each member has a purpose to fulfil for the good of the whole. Paul in Ephesians writes, “For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.” Ephesians 2:10 So he is speaking of the service we render.

• “For through the grace having been given to me, I say to everyone being among you, not to be high-minded above what it behooves you to think, but to think so as to be sober- minded, as God has allotted to each a measure of faith. For just as in one body we have many members, and not all the members have the same function, so we, the many, are one body in Christ; and individually members one of another.” Romans 12:3-6

[Fear and trembling]: Paul here is speaking of, the recognition of God who is present to work these things in us. If you know that it is God who is working in you, you would work with humility, [that is you would see no merit by which you should seek prominence for yourself] and would not use it as a means of contention but serve in reverence of God. 

[Both to will and to work]: Since it is God who gives us the will and the strength to do, therefore there is not a means by which we may boast of ourselves. We can say the most effective servant of God is the one who does nothing of him/herself but allows God Himself to work through them. Paul writes, “But by the grace of God I am what I am, and His grace toward me has not been void. Rather, I toiled more abundantly than all of them, yet not I, but the grace of God that was with me.” 1 Corinthians 15:10 [And] “Not that we are sufficient from ourselves to reckon anything as of ourselves, but our sufficiency is of God,  who also has made us competent as ministers of a new covenant, not of the letter, but of the Spirit.” 2 Corinthians 3:5-6

[Obedience]: is a willing submission not something God forces us. That is, God can be willing in us and give the ability to do yet we fail in the completion of it, through disobedience. Paul to the Corinthians writes: “And I give a judgment in this matter, for this is profitable for you who not only have begun from a year ago to act, but also to will. And now also complete the doing, so that just as there was the readiness to will, so also there may be to complete,” 2 Corinthians 8:10-11, That is as desire entered their heart, they ought in obedience see it to be completed.

Do all things without murmuring and disputing, so that you may be blameless and innocent, children of God unblemished in the midst of a crooked and perverted generation among whom you shine as lights in the world, holding forth the word of life unto a boast to me in the day of Christ that I did not run in vain nor toil in vain.  [vs. 17-18]

[Do all things]: It seems here Paul is exhorting us, so that by all means we may avoid murmuring and disputes. That is addressing our daily lives, work and conduct since he contrasts with those who are in the world.

[Without murmuring and disputing]: Murmuring is unwilling obedience and disputing is contention and strife. Therefore we can say, in the area God has called us, we ought to perform our duty without murmuring and disputing, as to be an example to those who are outside. This point is relayed better in the relation of servants to their masters, Paul instructs Titus saying, “Servants are to be subject to their own masters in everything, to be well-pleasing, not gainsaying, not pilfering, but showing all good fidelity, so that they may adorn the doctrine of God our Saviour in all things.” Titus 2:9-10 In Colossians he exhorts servants to perform their duties with all sincerity, and points to the Lord, “Whatever you might do, work from the soul, as to the Lord and not to men, knowing that you will receive from the Lord the reward of the inheritance. You serve the Lord Christ!” Colossians 3:23-24 And Peter, takes it one step further saying, “Servants, be subject to masters with all fear, not only to the good and gentle, but also to the unreasonable.” 1 Peter 2:18 That is not being selective [in performance] according to preference. [May it be in the arena of the world or the house of God, do your duty without murmuring and disputing.]

• “Bless those persecuting you. Bless and do not curse; to rejoice with the rejoicing, to weep with the weeping; minding the same thing toward one another, not minding the things haughty, but going along with the lowly. Do not be wise in yourselves, repaying to no one evil for evil, providing right before all men; if possible of you, living at peace with all men;” Romans 12:14-18

[Avoiding disputes]: Paul instructs both Timothy and Titus in the manner they ought to conduct their ministry and how they ought to instruct others to whom they are responsible for. “But avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and arguments and quarrels about the Law; for they are unprofitable and worthless.” Titus 3:9 That is being selective and avoiding those things which are purposeless. However this does not mean to turn a blind eye, to matters that compromise the fundamental aspects of the gospel. Paul himself being an example, in his letter to the Galatians showing that he did not give in to anything that would pollute the truth of the gospel.

• “even because of the false brothers brought in secretly, who came in by stealth to spy out our freedom which we have in Christ Jesus that they will enslave us, to whom we did not yield in subjection for even an hour, so that truth of the gospel would be preserved with you.” Galatians 2:4-5

However even in such instances the manner of conduct has a part to play, not to strife and quarrel but to teach, showing the way of truth in all gentleness, if the opponents are willing to see it. “And it behooves the bond-servant of the Lord not to quarrel, but to be gentle toward all, able to teach, forbearing, in gentleness disciplining those opposing, lest ever God may give them repentance unto a knowledge of the truth,” 2 Timothy 2:24-26

[Among whom: Shine as lights]: The Lord said, “You are the light of the world. A city lying on a hill is unable to be hidden.” [And] “let your light shine before men, so that they may see your good works and they should glorify your Father in the heavens.” Matthew 5:14, 16  That is to let the change that is brought in us be manifest to all, that God may be glorified. Paul in Ephesians shows what this means, “For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Walk as children of light— for the fruit of the light is in all goodness and righteousness and truth — discerning what is well-pleasing to the Lord. And do not have fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather even expose them.” Ephesians 5:8-11 The point being, there ought to be a marked deference from the life we have led in the past, as to be an example to those who are in darkness.

[Holding fast to the word of life]: The word of life is the gospel, and it requires us to hold fast, and endure to the very end. Paul says it in a manner that [in the last day: day of Christ], “that you may boast of me,” that is giving recognition, it was through his ministry they have come to be saved, giving proof his labour was not in vain. Which leaves an opening that it is possible, not to endure and even to fall away from the truth of the gospel by which his labour in them would have been vain. Paul makes a similar statement, in his letter to the Colossians, “He [Jesus] has reconciled in His body of flesh through death, to present you holy and unblemished and blameless before Him, if indeed you continue in the faith, established and firm, and not being moved away from the hope of the gospel that you have heard.” Colossians 1:22-23 [And] “But the Spirit expressly states that in later times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceitful spirits and teachings of demons,” 1 Timothy 4:1

We are saved by what we believe, the reason Paul showed such concerns towards the Galatians. It was not sin in their midst, nor was it fights or squabbling but they were being moved away from the truth of the gospel. If you believe Jesus is sufficient and you are saved by His grace. However if you are moved from this fundamental truth, to give heed to false doctrines [and practice them], then you by what you believe have put yourself in jeopardy. So he says hold fast to the word of life.

But I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, that I also may be encouraged, having known the things concerning you. For I have no one like-minded, who genuinely will care for the things relative to you. For those all are seeking the things of themselves, not the things of Jesus Christ. But you know his proven worth, that as a child with a father he has served with me in the gospel. Therefore indeed I hope to send him immediately, when I shall have seen the things concerning me. And I am persuaded in the Lord that I myself will also come soon.  [vs. 19-24]

Timothy was with him along with Silas when he first came to the Macedonians [Philippians]. Paul had a reason for concern, though the Philippians had many commendable attributes, this underlining strife in their midst was a cause of concern. So he sought to send to them his trusted co-labourer, one most attributed to take up after him, “I have no one like-minded.”

And Paul contrasts him to those who presumably [the ones he spoke about in previous chapter: who magnify their ministry as a means for contention], who see his incarceration as an opportunity for themselves. And gives commendation to Timothy, who is still by his side in prison, reminding them of his faithful service from his youth when he first came with him to minister to them.  Paul in his letter to the Corinthians also shows how closely Timothy had walked with him, “On account of this I sent to you Timothy, who is my beloved and faithful child in the Lord, who will remind of you my ways that are in Christ Jesus, as I teach everywhere in every church.” 1 Corinthians 4:17 So he commends Timothy to them that they may give him due regard as they would him, and his faithful engagement in their affairs is for their benefit and according to Christ.    

So he sought to send him when he might have some idea, [assumption: Paul, is no longer in his rented accommodation as when he first came to Rome, his time to face the court of Caesar is drawing near, and is being kept in prison at the palace.] As mentioned in the first chapter, Paul was optimistic about his situation, hopping to be released from the Roman prison. The Jewish Religious leaders did not seem to have sent representatives, “We received neither letters concerning you from Judea, nor any of the brothers having arrived reported or said anything evil concerning you.” Acts 28:21 taking account of the great delay of Paul’s trip to Rome. The Roman point of view, according to Festus was, “this one himself now having appealed to the Emperor, I determined to send him, concerning whom I have nothing definite to write to my lord…. it seems absurd to me, sending a prisoner, not also to specify the charges against him.” Acts 25:25-27 The charges against him having no grounds, not even accusers, yet we know things would take drastic turns, even for him to worry over being given to the beasts.

[What are the great events that turned the tide]: Paul had high hopes, but while he was incarcerated, several great events take place. The first of note is, the great Jewish revolt, there is also the great fire of Rome that takes place round about this time, for which Christians are to be blamed and a great persecutions begins. So all hope for release become distant and Paul becomes one of the first martyrs, to quench the blood lust of Caesar. One of these two events or the combination of both become the cause for his death. [Revelation 12, shows the persecution first rises against the Jews and Judea, before turning towards those who had the testimony of Jesus.] Prophecy by its very concept, precedes events.      

Now I esteemed it necessary to send  to you Epaphroditus, my brother and fellow worker and fellow soldier, and your messenger and minister to my need, since he was longing after you all and being deeply distressed because you heard that he as ill. And indeed he was sick, nearly unto death. But God had mercy on him, and not on him alone but also on me, that I should not have sorrow upon sorrow.  [vs. 25-27]

Epaphroditus came to deliver to Paul, the offering of the Philippians, “a messenger to my needs,” Paul also would make mention again in chapter 4. While during his stay it seems he fell sick and Paul expedited his return to Philippi, mostly because they were worried for him, so he sought to elevate their concern and his giving thanks to God who has delivered him from death. 

Therefore I have sent him all the more eagerly, that having seen him again, you may rejoice, and I might be less anxious. Therefore, receive him in the Lord with all joy, and hold such in honour, because for the sake of the work of Christ he came near unto death, having disregarded his life so that he might fill up you deficit of service toward me. [vs. 28-30]  

We might consider it is through the hands of Epaphroditus, the letter was sent. Because Paul had retained Timothy for the time being, hopping to send him soon, which means the letter preceded him. Paul also gives commendation to Epaphroditus, the measure of the worth of the early ministers of Christ was those who risked their lives for the sake of Christ. “for the sake of the work of Christ he came near unto death.” In Acts they give commendation to Judas and Sails saying, “having chosen men to send to you with our beloved Barnabas and Paul, men having handed over their lives for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.” Acts 15:25-26 In his letter to Romans Paul gives commendation in a similar manner to Priscilla and Aquila, “my fellow workers in Christ Jesus— who have lain down their neck for my life, whom not only I thank, but also all the churches of the Gentiles.” Romans 16:4 

The dangers of ministering the gospel of Christ is made apparent in Paul’s statement to Corinthians, “And why are we in danger every hour? I die every day, as surely as the boasting in you, brothers, which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord.” 1 Corinthians 15:30-31  One minster teaches, it means “I hold my life in jeopardy every hour” in ministering the gospel of Christ.  [C.D]        

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Philippians 3: The Prize of the Upward Call.

Finally, my brothers, rejoice in the Lord. To write the same things to you indeed is not troublesome to me, and is safe for you. [vs. 1]

Whatever we may be facing, how ever difficult we need to remind ourselves we always have something to rejoice about in the Lord. Lest of all the life everlasting we have received through the Lord Jesus Christ. Paul writes to Thessalonians saying, “Rejoice always. Pray unceasingly. Give thanks in everything, for this is the will of God toward you in Christ Jesus.” 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18

In most instances repetition may seem a bit tiresome but it is beneficial. Paul points how though he exhorts on the same points it is to their benefit that they may be grounded on solid foundation.

Beware of the dogs! Beware of the evil workers! Beware of the false circumcision! For we are the circumcision, those worshiping in the Spirit of God, and glorying in Christ Jesus, and not trusting in the flesh —  though I have confidence even in the flesh. If any other thinks to trust in the flesh, I more: [vs. 2-4]

Paul gives three different groups of classification: Dogs meaning, the unbelieving. Jesus speaking to the Syro-Phoenician woman, says to her “It is not right to take the children’s bread and to cast it to the dogs.” Jesus did not say that just for the sake of insulting her, by dogs He meant those who were outside the covenant of God. Prior to speak to her, when His disciples approached Him on the account of her, He answered the saying, “I was sent only to those being lost sheep of the house of Israel.” [Luke 15:24,26] they being the children. Then He is speaking of [those being unknown to God, as to have grounds for relationship with Him], while Israel was covenanted to God by the law.

And Paul warning the elders of the church, speaks of the danger that comes from without and from within says, “I know that after my departure, grievous wolves will come in among you, not sparing the flock, and out from your own selves, men will rise up, speaking perverse things to draw away disciples after them.” Acts 20:29-30

[Evil workers]: The word we need to consider is workers, that is to say those who work among you. Paul here is speaking of those who enter the ministry to take advantage of the people, who propagate false teachings; “men will rise up, speaking perverse things.” [Peter & Jude] also warns of those who twist the words to their own destruction and by their teachings others.

• “For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ. And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. Therefore it is not surprising if his servants also masquerade as servants of righteousness,” 2 Corinthians 11:13-15
• “But there were also false prophets among the people, as there will be false teachers among you also, who will stealthily introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master having bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. And many will follow after their sensuality, through whom the way of the truth will be maligned. And through covetousness they will exploit you with fabricated words,” 2 Peter 1:1-3
• “For certain men came in stealthily, those having been designated long ago unto this condemnation, ungodly ones changing the grace of our God into sensuality and denying our only master and Lord, Jesus Christ.” Jude 1:4

[False circumcision]: Paul is speaking of the teaching of circumcision and of the law, and by extension to beware of those who propagate it [who themselves are circumcised]. The topic of requiring the Gentiles to be circumcised and keep the law of Moses is a contention that was sparked in Antioch. Which  the elders of the church in Judea resolved once and for all, saying “For it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us, to lay upon you no further burden, except these necessary things: to abstain from things sacrificed to idols, and from blood, and from what is strangled, and from sexual immorality.” Acts 15:28-29 Yet these that branched out who continued to propagate the doctrine of circumcision and law have not abated.

And Paul labouring to bring back the Galatians who fell victim to such teaching writes recalling that event, “But not even Titus who was with me, being a Greek, was compelled to be circumcised, even because of the false brothers brought in secretly, who came in by stealth to spy out our freedom which we have in Christ Jesus that they will enslave us, to whom we did not yield in subjection for even an hour, so that truth of the gospel would be preserved with you.” Galatians 2:3-5 This teaching of the law and circumcision had given Paul such cause for concern, even to the end of his ministry,  that he has sought to repeatedly warn every elder disciples of his, on this matter.

And Paul pointing to the motivation of those who taught such messages, says “As many as desire to have a fair appearance in the flesh, these compel you to be circumcised, only that they might not be persecuted for the cross of Christ. For not even those being circumcised keep the Law themselves, but they desire you to be circumcised so that they may boast in your flesh. But for me, may it be never to boast, except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ,” Galatians 6:12-14

Then Paul uses himself to be an example to make his point that this teaching of circumcision and the law is of no value.  So he says, “I am also of the circumcision,” and qualifies that statement saying “who worship God in the Spirit and glory in Christ.” to make his point that he account the merit in the flesh to have no value at all. He in similar manner has made his point to Peter when he rebuked him saying, “We Jews by birth and not ‘sinners’ of the Gentiles, nevertheless knowing that a man is not justified by works of law, except through faith from Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith from Christ, and not by works of the Law,” Galatians 2:15-16 

Circumcision on the eighth day; of the nation of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin; a Hebrew of Hebrews; according to the Law, a Pharisee; according to zeal, persecuting the church; according to righteousness in the Law, having become faultless.  [vs. 5-6]

So Paul lists the things that qualify him to be an elect of God according to the flesh. Who entered in covenant to be raised in the law by circumcision of the flesh from the moment he was born. Belonging to the tribe separated with Judah. Was raised according to the strictest sect of Judaism [a Pharisee]. His conviction in his faith, he has sought to destroy those whom he believed departed from the faith, as doing service onto God. And one who lived blameless according to the dictates of the law.

But whatever things were gain to me, these I have esteemed loss because of Christ. But indeed, therefore, I  also count all things to be loss because of the excelling knowledge of Christ Jesus my Lord, because of whom I have lost all things, and esteem them rubbish, that I my gain Christ and be found in Him, not having my own righteousness which is of the Law, but that which is through faith from Christ, the righteousness of God on the basis of faith, to know Him and the power of His resurrection and fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death, if by any means I may attain to the resurrection from out of dead. [vs. 7-11]

The point he is trying to make vivid for us is, it is useless to account the merit in the flesh to be worth anything. That God through Christ has redeemed the world, through whom He has lifted the valley and brought down the mountains that all may be on a level field of faith. “For God so loved the world, He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.” John 3:16  

So building up on making his point how unprofitable this teaching of [false circumcision] is; he say I who have such gain according to the flesh, [a blood descendant of Abraham], and raised in the law of God given through Moses: I regard those benefits to be worth nothing for the sake of Christ. He says the excellence of knowing Jesus Christ my Lord have cost me all things. Paul’s love and ache for his people is deeply felt, his pursuit of Christ has caused him to be ostracised from his nation and his ministry to the Gentiles had marked him to be a target for derision by his own people. Paul’s longing for his people is related in his letter to the Colossians saying, “these being the only fellow workers for the kingdom of God among the circumcision, who have been a comfort to me.” Colossians 3:11 [R.K]  

[I may gain Christ and be found in Him]: while Gentiles in a manner have to forsake their sins to accept Christ,  the Jews needed to forsake the law for righteousness, that is their own righteousness; “he who does them shall live by them,” and accept the righteousness that comes through faith in Jesus Christ; “to him who does not work, but believes in Him who justifies the ungodly his faith is accounted for righteousness.” Paul in Romans writes, “for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God.” That is the Law does not bring exemption from sin, and sinning, only the knowledge of sin, therefore “through the law no flesh will be justified before Him.” But through faith in Christ Jesus we obtain grace for the forgiveness of sin and are made free from the power of sin and sinning. [Romans 3:20,23]

Paul writing of the Israelites says, “For being ignorant of the righteousness of God and seeking to establish the own righteousness, they did not submit to the righteousness of God. For the end of Law is Christ, unto righteousness to everyone believing.” Romans 10:3-4 So he says, I have forsaken my own righteousness, all my work and all my effort I have made through out my life in the law, and have put my faith in the righteousness that is given by God through faith in Jesus Christ [that is God’s own righteousness].

[To know Him and the power of His resurrection]: Now Paul gives what his life pursuit is, just as he excelled in the law being zealous for God, now he has set his heart to the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ and to know His  resurrection power. Paul’s prayer for all the saints consist of this very pursuit; to know God, to know His will that we may walk in a manner that is pleasing to Him, [in all wisdom, knowledge, discernment and spiritual understanding.]

Though here Paul seems to be focusing “the power of His resurrection,” in references to righteousness, contrasted against the law. How through Christ it brings about a transformation in us which enable us to live right as to attain to the resurrection from the dead. In Romans he writes, “We were buried with Him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised up out from the dead by the glory of the Father, [so we also should walk in newness of life.]” Romans 6:4 That is the resurrection power of Christ begins it work in us as we die with Christ and are raised with Him [in Him] to a new life in the Spirit. 

However there is a magnitude of the power of His resurrection worth considering. Ephesians declares the resurrection power, as the might of God working in us, which is far above all powers and principalities as to lift us and seat us with Christ in heavenly realms. “The surpassing greatness of His power toward us believing according to the working of the power of His might, which He worked in Christ, having raised Him out from the dead, and having set Him at His right hand in the heavenly realms, above every principality and authority and power and dominion, and every name being named, not only in this age, but also in the one coming. And He put all things under His feet and gave Him to be head over all things to the church.” Ephesians 1:19-22

Then we can say, resurrection power consists of being raised from dead to life, to be conformed into His likeness, “We all may attain to the unity of the faith and of [the knowledge of the Son of God], unto a complete man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.” Ephesians 4:13 That we might walk in His authority and power, over all the powers of the enemy, that we may take part in His good works which He accomplishes through us, His body. “when He shall have annulled all dominion, and all authority and power. For it behooves Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet.” 1 Corinthians 15:24-25

Therefore the essences of His resurrection power is, “I have been crucified with Christ, and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me.” Galatians 2:20 The ultimate purpose and goal being to bring about the declaration; “The kingdom of the world has become that of our Lord and of His Christ, and He will reign to the agesof the ages.” Revelation 11:15

[Fellowship of His Sufferings [being] Confirmed to His death]: Paul shows sharing in the suffering of Christ is a natural consequence of following Him. In Romans he writes, “For that which He died, He died to sin once for all; but that which He lives, He lives to God. So also you, consider yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but living to God in Christ Jesus.” Romans 6:10-11 Therefore when Paul says “being conformed to His death.” he saying I too have died to sin through Christ Jesus; the old man in me is crucified with Him. And this death, brings us out of the domain of the world & sin and into the kingdom of God, which puts us at odds with world, resulting in persecution and sufferings. Paul in Galatians writes, “Just as at that time the one having been born according to flesh was persecuting the one born according to Spirit, so also it is now..”  Galatians 4:29

The Lord also on His last night with His disciple prayed saying, “I have given them Your word, and the world hated them,because they are not of the world, even as I am not of the world.” John 17:14 

The point is, it is not so much we struggling against sin as to suffer [being miserable] fighting against the lusts of our mind and flesh, because Christ has suffered for us that we might walk in His victory. The burden of Christ is light, it is not to strive with sin but to live victoriously in righteousness in Him. However such life will bring suffering from the world. Hebrews writing of the suffering of Christ says, “For consider fully the One having endured such great hostility from sinners against Himself, so that you shall not grow weary, fainting in your souls.” Hebrews 12:3 Then just as Jesus suffered assault from sinners on the account of His righteousness, we also who put on His righteousness will be made to partake of His sufferings by the measure we walk in Him. Paul writing to Timothy says, “And all also desiring to live piously in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” 2 Timothy 3:12

• “Remember the former days in which, having been enlightened, you endured a great conflict of sufferings, this indeed, being made a spectacle both by reviling and tribulations; now this, having become partners of those passing through them thus. Hebrews 10:32-33

So Paul says I have made it my life pursuit to seek Him and to endure all things that “by any means I may attain to the resurrection.” Paul shows Christianity is a continual walk of faith [to the very end of life]. It is a faith of endurance, through trials and tribulations for the exceeding riches of the prize. Acts records how Paul and Barnabas “[Went about,] strengthening the souls of the disciples, exhorting them to continue in the faith and that “through many tribulations it behooves us to enter into the kingdom of God.” Acts14:22

• “Heirs indeed of God, and joint-heirs of Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him, so that we may also be glorified together.” Romans 8:17

[Point of Note]: Righteousness is of faith, believing in the heart and the confession of the mouth. Resurrection power is by being conformed to the likeness of His death and resurrection, and there is no other way to be conformed to His death except through baptism. “The one having believed and having been baptised will be saved, but the one having disbelieved will be condemned.” Mark 16:16 [And] “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless anyone be born of water and of the Spirit, he is not able to enter into the kingdom of God.” John 3:5 [It is through confession and act of faith.]

Not that already I have obtained it or already have been perfected, but I am pursuing, if also I may lay hold of that for which also I was laid hold of by Christ Jesus. Brothers, I do not consider myself to have taken hold of it. But one thing  indeed: Forgetting the things behind and reaching forward to the things ahead, I press on toward the goal from the prize of the upward calling of God in Christ Jesus. [vs. 12-14]

[Not that I already obtained it]: Paul here is speaking of the outcome of the resurrection from the dead, which is the redemption of our body. Which is fulfilment of our salvation, in Romans he writes, “we ourselves, even having the first-fruit of the Spirit, also groan ourselves in ourselves, awaiting divine adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.” Romans 8:23 In Corinthians also, he writes how this perishable body can not inherit the kingdom of God, “For it behooves this, the perishable to put on the imperishable; and this, the mortal to put on immortality.” 1 Corinthians 15:53 at which point death is fully conquered. Therefore he says “I have not already obtained, [the resurrection from the dead.]”

[Perfected]: Then he goes on to say, “nor have I already been perfected,” by this he means to attain to the likeness and measure of Christ in this life. Paul in Ephesians, speaking of the purpose of the ministry offices says, “Until we all may attain to the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a complete man, to the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ.” Ephesians 4:13

[I am Pursuing]: So he says I pursue this one goal, the purpose for which Christ has saved us. “those whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be firstborn among many brothers.” Romans 8:29 [and] “for us to be holy and blameless before Him, in love,”  Ephesians 1:4-5 Therefore he seeks to imitate Christ in this life, growing in knowledge of the Son of God, taking part in His death and suffering  that he might attain to the resurrection, which is the redemption of his body, by which he will put on the immortal spiritual body in the likeness and image of Christ.

[I do not consider myself to have taken hold of it]: same as above, he is saying I have not appropriated it; neither have I attained to the resurrection nor have I been perfected, as to think that I have achieved to the hight of the ideal [who Christ is]. But this one thing I do….

[Forgetting those things behind]: Now in Paul’s instances, it is mainly his works in the law and the merits of his flesh. So he says, casting those things behind me, I reach forward, [I run the race] to attain to the goal that is resurrection from the dead in Christ Jesus. Paul to the Corinthians writes, “Therefore I run thus, not as uncertainly; I fight thus, not as beating the air. But I batter my body and bring it into servitude, lest having preached to others, I myself might be disqualified.” 1 Corinthians 9:26-27 So he says he conditions himself, discipline himself as to bring himself in line to the goal he has set his heart on. “The crown of righteousness is laid up for me, which the Lord, the righteous judge, will award to me in that day.” 2 Timothy 4:8 

Now those outside the law, who came out of all manner of life, idols and the depravity of sin. Are to cast those things behind, going forward as a new creatures in Christ, striving also to obtain the same prize. The point is we do not look back to what we were, but forward to Christ.

[Note to Consider:] When we were outside, we could not come to God even if we wanted to, nor did we even want to. There is two aspects of our salvation to consider. First Christ has come and has taken hold of us, “In the acceptable time I listened to you, and in the day of salvation I helped you.” 2 Corinthians 6:2 So we being redeemed, and obtaining our right mind as to have our desire orientated towards Him, so that we may pursue Him for that very purpose He has taken hold of us, [to be made in His likeness.] This we do in seeking the knowledge of Him, growing in His word, in wisdom and understanding, that we may be grounded in Him as to bare fruit.

Therefore as many as are mature should be of this mind. And if you are minded in anything differently, even this God will reveal to you. Nevertheless, to that which we have attained, we are to walk by the same. [vs. 15-16] 

[As many as are mature]: Paul is speaking of spiritual maturity, he describes what this is in 1st Corinthians and in Hebrews; “which also we speak, not in words taught of human wisdom, but in [those taught of the Spirit,] communicating spiritual things by spiritual means…. because spiritually they are discerned.” 1 Corinthians 2:13,14

Paul speaking of the Corinthians says, ” [I] was not able to speak to you as to spiritual, but as fleshly—as to infants in Christ.” He judges their spiritual maturity not to have attained to levels that he might reveal to them the deep things of God. But has to circle back to lay the basic foundation, according to their understanding to nurse them into growth [out of the flesh]. In Hebrews also he says, “For everyone partaking of milk is unskilled in the word of righteousness, for he is an infant. But solid food is for the mature, the ones by constant use having trained the senses for distinguishing both good and evil.” Hebrews 5:13-14

Therefore when he says, “as many as are mature” he is saying, as many as have attained to spiritual maturity [growth in Christ] to discern spiritual truth, “to present [themselves] approved to God, a workman not ashamed, accurately handling the word of truth.” 2 Timothy 2:15 If so, he says you ought to subscribe to the same way of thinking, [But if not] he says God would reveal this to you, it is growth to the point as to discern the teaching of the Holy Spirit. The point being  not all attain to the same level of spiritual maturity at the same time.

[The mindset of the mature]: “the righteousness of God on the basis of faith, to know Him and the power of His resurrection and fellowship of His sufferings, being conformed to His death, if by any means I may attain to the resurrection from out of dead.” [the Pursuit of, living old things behind striving forward for the prize.]

Therefore, by the degree of the light we have attained to, that is of the knowledge of the truth, imparted to us by the various means, we ought to walk the same. [K.H] Therefore take heed how you hear;” Luke 8:18 [and] “everyone to whom much has been given, much will be required.” Luke12:48 There is responsibility that comes with the knowledge we receive. Then things we have been [enlightened] as to know them to be right and our responsibility yet fail to obey are sins to us. James writes, “Therefore to the one knowing to do good, and not doing, it is sin.” James 4:17

Be imitators together of me brothers, and consider those walking thus, as you have us for a pattern. For many are walking — of whom I have told you often and now I say even weeping — as enemies of the cross of Christ, whose end is destruction, whose God is the belly and glory is in their shame, those minding earthly things. [vs. 17-19]

[Imitators of me]: In the pervious verse Paul had shown there is a different level of attaining spiritual maturity. So he sets himself to be an example as one to be imitated, as one who has made it his life pursuit to be conformed to Christ in all things [at great cost]. He also gives direction for them to bare in mind, those who walk in the same manner they have seen of him. In the pervious chapter he has given them Timothy to be such a one. “For I have no one like-minded, who genuinely will care for the things relative to you.” [and] “you know his proven worth, that as a child with a father he has served with me in the gospel.” A child imitates his father. 

Paul has sought to exhort almost all the churches, in similar manner to follow in his example and the examples of those who served with him. To the corinthians he wrote saying, “Therefore I exhort you, become imitators of me. On account of this I sent to you Timothy, who is my beloved and faithful child in the Lord, who will remind of you my ways that are in Christ Jesus.” 1 Corinthians 4:16-17 Here again he shows Timothy as one who imitated him, has learned from him as to declare his way in Christ to them. Paul also shows in his letter, his manner of life and sacrifice as one who has set the good of others as priority, to win them to God and says, “For being free from all, I myself became servant to all, so that I might win the more.” 1 Corinthians 9:19 So he says, “Be imitators of me, as I also am of Christ.” 1 Corinthians 11:1

And in his letter to Timothy, he reminds him of the very things that Timothy has learned from him. He has shown his confidence in him as commending him, to all the churches he has ministered. So he seeks to exhort Timothy of the same saying, “But you have closely followed my teaching, conduct, purpose, faith, patience, love, endurance, persecutions, afflictions” and tells him,  “you, abide in the things you have learned and have been assured of, having known from whom you learned them.” 2 Timothy 3:10-11,14 Reminding and exhorting him that a life in pursuit of Christ will bring about persecution.

Paul’s point is, the way of life portrayed must correspond to the word of truth imparted. There is wise judgment, Paul said I have not yet attained to that ideal of Christ, yet he say imitate me, as I strive forward to imitate Him. It is not perfection nor absolute faultlessness but the direction and endeavour of faith in truth. So in Hebrews also he writes, “Remember those leading you, who spoke the word of God to you, of whom, considering the outcome of their way of life, you are to imitate the faith.” Hebrews, 13:7 The point is the manner of life and the faith of those who minister the things of Christ are need careful consideration.

James says, “Not many of you should be teachers my brothers, knowing that we will receive greater judgment.” James 3:1 That is God will hold responsible those who lead others. This being said, the flock have a responsibility and part to play as they themselves mature in Christ. Paul exhorting the Romans writes, “consider those causing divisions and obstacles contrary to the teaching that you have learned, and turn away from them. For such do not serve our Lord Christ, but their own belly;” Romans 16:17-18 And Peter also exhorts in the same manner saying, “Therefore beloved, knowing this beforehand, you beware, lest you should fall from the own steadfastness, having been led away by the error of the lawless.” 2 Peter 3:17

[As enemies of the cross of Christ, whose end is destruction]: The purpose of the cross is, the price Christ paid; “Who Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that, having been dead to sins, we might live to righteousness. By whose scourge marks you have been healed.” 1 Peter 2:24  “At the cross Christ bore our sin, at the whipping post He took our infirmities.” [C.B] Then the primary objective of the cross is, Christ came to save His people from their sins.

[SIN] is the point. Then they having set their path [they glorify their sins as to account the price of the cross of no value], and have sought covetous practices to the fulfilment of the lusts of their flesh. That is to propagate wrong doctrines for self gain. So Paul warns saying, “From your own selves, men will rise up, speaking perverse things to draw away disciples after them. Therefore stay awake, remembering that three years night and day I never ceased admonishing each one with tears.” Acts 20:30-31 Peter also speaking in references to the teaching of Paul says, “which the ignorant and unestablished distort to their own destruction, as also the other Scriptures.” 1 Peter 3:16 That is they have misunderstood and twisted the truth, and without themselves being set free from sin and the flesh, have set themselves to pursue gain in ministry while their eyes are deluded and hearts set on covetous practice. Peter describes them in this way:

“There will be false teachers among you also, who will stealthily introduce destructive heresies, even denying the Master having bought them, bringing upon themselves swift destruction. And many will follow after their sensuality, through whom the way of the truth will be maligned. And through covetousness they will exploit you with fabricated words.”[ vs.1-3] “especially those walking after the flesh in the passion of defilement and despising authority.” [vs.10] “having eyes full of adultery, and unceasing from sin; enticing unestablished souls; having a heart having been exercised in craving—children of a curse!” [vs.14] “who loved the wage of unrighteousness.” [vs.15] “promising them freedom, themselves being slaves of corruption.” [2 Peter 2: 1-3, 10, 14, 15, 19] 

It is a vicious circle, they have not set first thing first and have not grasped the cross of Christ, therefore every subsequent practice leading them astray. Acts 8, demonstrate Simon who formerly had practiced sorcery, but who had believed and was baptised as an example of one who wrongfully sought a ministry to obtain earthly gain. When he offered money for the  the Holy Spirit, Peter seeing Simon sought the gift of God for gain says to him, “Your silver, may it perish with you, because you thought the gift of God to be obtained by money! To you there is no part nor lot in this matter, for your heart is not right before God.” Acts 8:20-21

Paul in Romans says, “For those being according to flesh mind the things of the flesh; but those according to Spirit, the things of the Spirit.” [and] “because the mind of the flesh is hostility toward God; for it is not subject to the Law of God, for not even can it be. And those being in the flesh are not able to please God.”  Romans 8:5, 7-8 The fact these have their heart set on earthly thing is evident that they are unable to heed the things of God. And with un-renewed [natural] mind they have propagated what they have understood naturally [Jude] and being of the flesh, they can not help but seek out covetous practice.  

Therefore Paul is trying to weed out false teachers. Who are to be identified by the manner of life they lead and through the doctrine they teach. They have sought to steal, rob and kill; by what they taught for gain, they have robbed, and through the false doctrine they have propagated they have killed. Paul writing to Titus says, “For there are also many insubordinate, empty talkers, and deceivers, especially those of the circumcision, whom it is necessary to silence, who overthrow whole households, teaching things that they ought not for the sake of base gain.” Titus 1:10-11 And in his letter to the Corinthians, Paul had showed how he sought to drive out, those who ministered for gain, who attributed themselves to the likeness of the servants of the Lord. “So that I might cut off the opportunity of those desiring an opportunity that they might be found as also we in what they are boasting. For such are false apostles, deceitful workers, disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.” 2 Corinthians 11:12-13

For our citizenship exists in the heavens, form whence also we awaiting a Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ, who will transform our body of humiliation, conformed to the body of His glory, according to the working enabling Him even to subdue all things to Himself. [vs. 20-21]

Paul summarises his point by pointing out we are not of the world but are citizens of the Heavenly Jerusalem. As such our eyes must be steadfastly fixed on the glory that is to be revealed in us, at the return of the Lord Jesus Christ. When we will  attain the spiritual body in the likeness of the Lord. Which the Lord accomplish according to the resurrection power that worked in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at the righthand of God far above all power and principalities. [Ephesians 1:19-21] Which is the power that is at work now in His body to bring everything into subjection to Himself. “For it behooves Him to reign until He shall have put all the enemies under His feet.” 1 Corinthians 15:25

The purpose of the chapter is to exhort us, what the pursuit of our lives ought to be. If our eyes fixed on the things of the flesh we will pursue the things of the flesh. If our eyes are set on the things of the Spirit we will pursue the things of Christ. Paul describes what such pursuit entails in Colossians; “If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things above, where Christ is sitting at the right hand of God. Set your minds on the things above, not the things on the earth. For you have died, and your life has been hidden with Christ in God.” Colossians 3:1-3 The result of such a life is, putting off the things of the flesh such as “sexual immorality, impurity, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry” and putting on the attributes of Christ “as the elect of God, holy and beloved, put on hearts of compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness, and patience, bearing with each other and forgiving each other.” [and] “And beyond all these, put on love, which is the bond of perfect unity.” [Colossians 3:5,12,14]

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Philippians 4: True Yokefellows.

Therefore my brothers, beloved and longed for, my joy and crown, in this way stand firm in the Lord, beloved. [vs.1]

[Therefore]: Paul has given himself as an example of one, who has put aside gains according to the flesh, to pursue the Lord in faith [being conformed to the Lord]. As you have me as a template, that you might discern those who walk contrary [who are enemies of cross of Christ: mindset of the flesh]. But we are the ones  who walk with our mind set on the prize. You also in this manner stand firm in the Lord, with the same mindset as you have of us. Do not be led away, by those who seek to subvert the truth of God.

[My joy and crown]: He is saying to them you are the fruits of my labour, with which I will rejoice with you in the day of the Lord. He has spoken in similar manner to, Thessalonians saying, “For who is our hope or joy or crown of boasting? Or are not even you, before our Lord Jesus at His coming? For you are our glory and joy.” 1 Thessalonians 2:19-20

I exhort Euodia and I exhort Syntyche to be of the same mind in the Lord. Yes, and I ask you, true yokefellow, help these women and laboured together with me in the gospel, with Clement also, and the rest of my fellow, whose names are in the book of life. [vs.2-3]

At the beginning of the 2nd chapter, Paul has sought to exhort the Philippan church to be united in purpose. The problem: seeking prominence, selfish ambition taking precedence in service to the Lord. For which Euodia and Syntyche who hold a position of responsibility in the church seem to be the target of his exhortation. And the previous chapter he has given [The Lord Himself] as an example for them to follow. So here he reminds them to be of the same mind in the Lord, [be united in purpose and service]. And he exhorts the rest of the body, to make sure they give them support in their labour. Affirming they are his co-labourers, as means of giving them commendation as he has done in most of his letters of those who labour with him. To the Corinthians he wrote saying,  “you know the house of Stephanas, that it is the firstfruit of Achaia, and they have devoted themselves to service to the saints — that you also be subject to such as these, and to everyone joining in the work and labouring.” 1 Corinthians 16:15-16

“Rejoice in the Lord always; again I will say, rejoice! Let your gentleness be known to all men. The Lord is near. [vs. 4-5]

There is a reason for us to rejoice always. Paul who is languishing in chains and prison writes to tell them to rejoice. His reason simply being the mindset he has given in the previous chapter, that he is not a citizen of the world but of haven. The Lord said, “Yet do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subjected to you; but rejoice that your names are written in the heavens.” Luke 10:20 Which Paul also touches on pervious verse saying, “whose names are in the book of life.” So he says, as long as you have that before you, you will always have something to rejoice in the Lord in any circumstances. To the Corinthians he wrote, “The momentary lightness of our affliction is producing for us an eternal weight of glory, far surpassing to excessiveness.” 2 Corinthians 4:17 So even in trials and tribulations, there is grounds to rejoice in. To the Thessalonians also he writes, “Rejoice always. Pray unceasingly. Give thanks in everything, for this is the will of God toward you in Christ Jesus.” 1 Thessalonians 5:16-18 That is God expects it of us, it is a means that directs our hearts and mind to what is heavenly and eternal which enables us to be long-suffering and able to endure.

[Let your gentleness be known to all men]: It seems Paul is saying let the manner of your life be a testament to all people. In Romans he writes, “repaying to no one evil for evil, providing right before all men; if possible of you, living at peace with all men;” Romans 12:17-18 Peter also teaches along the same line, “All be single-minded, sympathetic, loving as brothers, tender-hearted, humble, not repaying evil for evil or insult for insult; but on the contrary blessing, because to this you were called, so that you should inherit blessing.” [and adds] “in your hearts sanctify Christ as Lord, always ready for a defence to everyone asking you an account concerning the hope in you; yet with gentleness and fear,” 1 Peter 3:8-9, 15 [His point being your conduct, which ought to be markedly deferent from the ways of the world giving them reason to enquire of the hope you have.]

[Gentleness]: is not quickly moved to anger, patient, not quarrelsome, peaceable, sympathetic, tender-hearted, and humble. Paul says to Timothy “And it behooves the bond-servant of the Lord not to quarrel, but to be gentle toward all, able to teach, forbearing, in gentleness disciplining those opposing.” 2 Timothy 2:24

Be anxious about nothing, but in everything, by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving, let your request be made known to God. And the peace of God, surpassing all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. [vs. 6-7]

[Be anxious about nothing]: The point is God cares for us. Therefore for every circumstances, make sure to pray to God and make your request known to Him. “For He who spared not the own Son, but gave Him up for us all, how will He not also, with Him, grant us all things?” Romans 8:32 However when you do this, do it being confident in Him, giving thanks for all things  and rejoicing in Him.

[Peace of God, surpassing all understanding]: There is a response from prayer we can expect, a result of persistent prayer. Though there may be no immediate manifestation of the desired result but you will have assurance in your heart that your request heard.  So he says it is beyond what you understand naturally or what you circumstances dictates your state ought to be. 

[There is a point]: We can obtain the victory in prayer for every situation. Then we can go forward knowing God will bring it pass. “Commit your ways to the Lord, trust also in Him and He shall bring  it to pass.” Psalm 37:5

Finally brothers, whatever is true,whatever is venerable, whatever is right, whatever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is admirable — if any excellence and if any praise — think on theses things. And whatever you have learned and have received and have heard and have seen in me, practice these things. And the God of peace will be with you. [vs. 8-9]

So Paul exhorts them to set their mind on things that build up not what tears down. To the Romans he has written saying, “I wish you to be wise to good, and innocent to evil.”Romans 16:19 in regards to shunning away from teaching that does not accord to the truth. He has given similar instructions in to the Colossians. “If then you have been raised with Christ, seek the things above, where Christ is sitting at the right hand of God. Set your minds on the things above, not the things on the earth.” Colossians 3:1-2 A mind that is set upon God and haven, does not ponder evil, does not seek to do harm to another, but will preoccupied with everything that is true and good. 

Paul also makes a point on the importance of putting to practice what we have learned. So he says, all that I have taught you, all that you have seen me and heard of me, make sure you put this things to practice. He has made himself, and those who have laboured with him closely to be a living example for them, to imitate their ways in Christ [To live what they preached]. James also teaches “Be doers of the word, and not hearers only, deceiving yourselves,” James 1:22

[And the God of peace will be with you]: God expects us to act in a manner that correspondence to what we believe. So Paul says, watch what your mind dwells on, and put to practice what you have learned in His word and God will be with you. Works we do while in the flesh seeking to be approved by God benefit us nothing. But there are works God expects us to do, now we are in the Spirit which are fruits of the nature He has given us. “For we are His workmanship, having been created in Christ Jesus for good works which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.” Ephesians 2:10 Therefore God expects us to renew our minds and He expects us to be diligent in good works. “I want you to affirm strongly concerning these things, so that those believing God may take care to be devoted to good works.” Titus 3:8

But I rejoiced greatly in the Lord that now at last you have revived the caring for me, wherein also you were concerned, but you were lacking opportunity. Not that I speak as to destitution, for I have learned to be content in that which I am. I know also how to be brought low, and I know how to abound. In everything, and in all things, I have learned the secret also to be full and to hunger, also to abound and to be deficient. I have strength for all things in the One strengthening me. [vs. 10-13]

Paul shows his gratitude, that the Philippians have started again to supply for his need. There was a time when such support was lacking for whatever reason, “lack of opportunity.” But to this Paul makes the point, I do not speak in such manner, “I rejoiced greatly in the Lord,” because of my need. My lack and abundance do not move me because in every circumstances I have learned the secret to contentment. The letter to the Hebrews states, “Let your manner of life be without covetousness, being satisfied with the present; for He Himself has said: “Never will I leave you, never will I forsake you.” So we are confident to say: The Lord is my helper, and I will not be afraid;” Hebrews 13:5-6 Paul recognises God is his supply, though the Philippians’ support had been interrupted for a time, Paul was not destitute, God had met his need. So he say I am able to do all things through Him who strengthens me.

But you did well, having fellowship in my affliction. And you Philippians also know that in the beginning of the gospel, when I came out from Macedonia, not one church had partnership with me with regard to the matter of giving and receiving, except you alone for even in Thessalonica, both one and twice you sent for my needs. [vs. 14-16]

[Fellowship in my affliction]: Paul had said, “I rejoiced greatly in the Lord,” not because of my need. Now his point becomes clear, and says because you have thought to share in my affliction. Paul brings to mind, how when he first went out preaching the gospel they were the ones who had supported him. Which he calls, “a partnership of giving and receiving,” not in the essence they gave and he received but the principle there of and follows it with…

Not that I seek after the gift, but I seek after the fruit abounding to your account. But I have all things, and abound. I am full, having received for Epaphroditus the things form you, an odour of a sweet smell, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God. And my God will fill up all your need according to His riches in glory in Christ Jesus. Now to our God and Father be the glory to the ages of the ages. Amen. [vs. 17-20]

Not because of his need, but because they have thought to share in his labour, there is fruit that abounds to them. Paul is a called servant of God, the supply of their substance for his need is a benefit to them. God will meet his need regardless, but they will be blessed for sharing his burden. God blesses the work of His house through His people, and His people by abounding the fruit of their labour. God speaking by the prophet Malachi says, “Bring the full tithe into the storehouse, so that there may be food in My house. Test Me in this,” says the LORD of Hosts. “See if I will not open the windows of heaven and pour out for you blessing without measure. I will rebuke the devourer for you, so that it will not destroy the fruits of your land, and the vine in your field will not fail to produce fruit,” says the LORD of Hosts.” Malachi 3:10-11

Paul says, “I have all and abounding” now that I have received your gift, but he makes his point to associate their giving is not to himself but to God. “an odour of a sweet smell, an acceptable sacrifice, well-pleasing to God.” That is those who give to the Lord’s called, to their labour they do not give to men but to God. And God will bless them accordingly, in his letter to the Corinthians he has associated this process to sowing and reaping. “The one sowing sparingly will also reap sparingly, and the one sowing upon blessings will also reap upon blessings,”…”And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that in every way, always, having all sufficiency, you may abound in every good work.”  2 Corinthians 9:6, 8 

Greet every saint in Christ Jesus. The brothers with me greet you. All the saints greet you, especially those of the household of Caesar. The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. [vs. 21-23]   

His final greetings. Paul’s incarceration is still bearing fruit. He has said earlier in his letter, “the things concerning me really have turned out to the advancement of the gospel, so as for my chains in Christ to have become clearly known in all the palace guard and to all the rest;” [vs.12-13]  his chains bearing fruit, is able to call those, even of the household of Caesar among the saints.

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